The Complete Guide to Buying Your First Gun in Colorado (2025)

Thinking about buying your first gun in Colorado? You’re not alone—and if you’re feeling a little overwhelmed, that’s completely normal. Between understanding state laws, choosing the right firearm, and navigating the buying process, there’s a lot to figure out. But here’s the good news: buying your first gun doesn’t have to be complicated or intimidating.

Whether you’re looking for home defense, considering concealed carry, or just want to get into shooting sports, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know about buying your first gun in Colorado in 2025. We’ll cover the state’s specific requirements (including the mandatory 3-day waiting period), help you choose the right firearm for your needs, and explain the entire buying process step-by-step.

Colorado’s gun laws have seen some updates in recent years, and staying informed is crucial for any first-time buyer. By the end of this guide, you’ll know exactly what to expect, what paperwork you’ll need, and how to make a confident, informed decision about your first firearm purchase.

Let’s walk through this together, step by step.

Table of Contents:

Why Are You Buying a Gun? (Defining Your Purpose)

Before you start browsing gun cases or scrolling through online catalogs, you need to answer one critical question: Why are you buying a gun?

This isn’t just philosophical—your intended purpose will dramatically influence which firearm is right for you. A gun that’s perfect for home defense might be too bulky for concealed carry. A great range gun might not be ideal for personal protection. Let’s break down the most common reasons first-time buyers purchase firearms and what each purpose requires.

Home Defense

If your primary concern is protecting your family and property, you’ll want a firearm that’s easy to operate under stress, has sufficient stopping power, and can be safely stored yet quickly accessed in an emergency.

Key considerations for home defense:

Stopping power: You need a caliber that will neutralize a threat effectively
Ease of use: In a high-stress situation, simple is better
Capacity: More rounds mean less worry about reloading
Storage: Must be secured from children but accessible to you

The shotgun vs handgun debate:

Shotguns offer incredible stopping power and an intimidation factor that can’t be matched. A 12-gauge shotgun is devastating at close range and requires less precision than a handgun. However, shotguns have significant recoil, can over-penetrate walls (a concern in apartments or homes with thin walls), and are harder to maneuver in tight spaces.

Handguns, particularly 9mm semi-automatics, offer a balance of stopping power, capacity (15+ rounds), and maneuverability. They’re easier for smaller-framed individuals to handle and can pull double-duty for concealed carry if you later decide to get your CCW permit.

Best options: For most first-time buyers focused on home defense, a full-size 9mm handgun like the Glock 19 or Smith & Wesson M&P 9 M2.0 offers the best combination of reliability, capacity, and ease of use. If you’re set on a shotgun, the Mossberg 500 or Remington 870 in 12-gauge are proven, affordable choices.

Personal Protection / Concealed Carry

Planning to carry your firearm outside the home for personal protection? You’ll need a Colorado concealed carry permit (more on that later), and your firearm choice becomes much more specific.

Key considerations for concealed carry:

Size and weight: You’ll be carrying this all day—bulky and heavy gets old fast
Concealability: It needs to disappear under normal clothing
Comfort: If it’s uncomfortable, you won’t carry it consistently
Reliability: Your life may depend on it functioning perfectly

Concealed carry guns are typically compact or subcompact models. You’re looking at single-stack or slim double-stack 9mm handguns that hold 10-15 rounds. Popular choices include the Glock 43X, Sig Sauer P365, and Smith & Wesson Shield Plus.

Important note: Colorado’s concealed carry permit requirements changed significantly on July 1, 2025, with new mandatory training and testing requirements. We’ll cover this in detail in the CCW section below.

Range / Sport Shooting

If you’re primarily interested in target shooting, competition, or just enjoying time at the range, your priorities shift toward accuracy, comfort, and ammunition cost.

Key considerations for sport shooting:

Accuracy: Tight groupings and consistent performance
Ergonomics: Comfortable grip and controls for extended shooting sessions
Ammunition cost: You’ll be shooting a lot—9mm is significantly cheaper than .45 ACP
Aftermarket support: Ability to customize and upgrade

For range and sport shooting, full-size handguns with longer barrels offer better accuracy and are more comfortable to shoot. The Glock 17, Sig Sauer P320, or Smith & Wesson M&P 9 M2.0 are excellent choices. If you’re interested in rifle shooting, the Ruger 10/22 (.22 LR) is the gold standard for beginners—incredibly affordable to shoot and perfect for learning fundamentals.

The All-Purpose First Gun

Can’t decide? Want something versatile that can handle multiple roles? You’re not alone—most first-time buyers want a “do-it-all” option.

The sweet spot for an all-purpose first gun is a full-size or compact 9mm handgun. Here’s why:

Effective for home defense with proper defensive ammunition
Can be carried concealed (though full-size is less comfortable than subcompact)
Great for range shooting and skill development
9mm ammunition is affordable and widely available
High capacity (15+ rounds in most models)
Low recoil makes it easy to shoot accurately

Top all-purpose recommendations: Glock 19 (the most popular handgun in America for good reason), Smith & Wesson M&P 9 M2.0 Compact, or Sig Sauer P320 Compact.

Pro Tip: Most first-time buyers choose a 9mm handgun—it’s versatile, affordable to shoot, and effective for home defense AND concealed carry. You can’t go wrong starting here.

Understanding Colorado Gun Laws (2025 Updates)

Colorado has specific gun laws that differ from many other states, and understanding these requirements is absolutely critical before you make your first purchase. Ignorance of the law isn’t a defense, and violations can result in serious criminal charges. Here’s everything you need to know about Colorado gun purchase requirements and regulations in 2025.

Who Can Legally Buy a Gun in Colorado?

Not everyone is legally allowed to purchase or possess firearms in Colorado. Both federal and state laws impose restrictions based on age, criminal history, and other factors.

Age Requirements

Colorado law sets different minimum ages depending on the type of firearm:

18 years or older for rifles and shotguns (long guns)
21 years or older for handguns

These are minimum ages for purchase. Federal law prohibits licensed dealers from selling handguns to anyone under 21, though Colorado law allows 18-20 year-olds to possess handguns obtained through private transfers or as gifts (subject to background check requirements).

Disqualifying Factors

You are prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms in Colorado if you:

Have been convicted of a felony (in any jurisdiction)
Have been convicted of a misdemeanor domestic violence offense
Are subject to a restraining order or protection order related to domestic violence, harassment, or stalking
Have been adjudicated as mentally defective or committed to a mental institution
Are an unlawful user of or addicted to controlled substances (including marijuana—yes, even though it’s legal in Colorado, federal law still prohibits gun ownership for marijuana users)
Have been dishonorably discharged from the military
Have renounced U.S. citizenship
Are in the United States illegally or on a non-immigrant visa (with some exceptions)
Are subject to an Extreme Risk Protection Order (Colorado’s “red flag” law)

When you purchase a firearm, you’ll be required to answer questions about all of these disqualifying factors on ATF Form 4473. Lying on this form is a federal felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine.

Colorado’s 3-Day Waiting Period (Mandatory)

One of the most important things first-time gun buyers in Colorado need to understand is the mandatory 3-day waiting period for all firearm purchases.

House Bill 23-1219, which took effect in October 2023, requires a waiting period between the initiation of a background check and the transfer of any firearm. Here’s how it works:

The waiting period begins when the background check is submitted to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
You must wait 3 full days (72 hours) OR until your background check is approved, whichever is later
This applies to ALL firearms—handguns, rifles, shotguns, everything
There are very limited exceptions (law enforcement, military, certain collectors)

Here’s the critical part: Even if your background check comes back approved in 30 minutes, you still cannot take possession of your firearm until 3 full days have passed.

Important: Even if your background check clears in 1 hour, you MUST wait 3 full days before taking possession of your firearm. There’s no way around this for regular civilian purchases.

Example timeline:

Monday, 10:00 AM: You select your firearm, complete paperwork, and the dealer submits your background check
Monday, 10:30 AM: Your background check comes back approved
Thursday, 10:00 AM: This is the earliest you can pick up your firearm (72 hours later)

The waiting period was designed as a “cooling-off” period to potentially prevent impulsive acts of violence or suicide. While controversial, it’s the law, and there’s no way around it for first-time buyers.

Universal Background Checks

Colorado requires background checks for ALL firearm transfers, including private sales between individuals. This is often called “universal background checks.”

What this means:

You cannot legally buy a gun from a friend, family member, or stranger without going through a background check
ALL transfers must be processed through a licensed Federal Firearms License (FFL) dealer
The dealer will run the background check through the CBI InstaCheck system
There is a $15 background check fee (some dealers may charge additional transfer fees for private sales)

Limited exceptions to the background check requirement:

Transfers between immediate family members (parent/child, grandparent/grandchild, sibling)
Temporary transfers for hunting, shooting sports, or immediate self-defense
Antique firearms (manufactured before 1899)
Transfers to law enforcement

The CBI InstaCheck system checks both Colorado state records and the FBI’s National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Most background checks are completed within minutes, though some may be delayed for additional review.

Magazine Capacity Limits

Colorado law prohibits the sale, transfer, or possession of large-capacity magazines defined as any ammunition feeding device with a capacity of more than 15 rounds.

Key details:

The law was enacted in 2013 following the Aurora theater shooting
It applies to magazines manufactured, imported, or purchased after July 1, 2013
Magazines owned before this date are “grandfathered” and remain legal to possess
The law is difficult to enforce (magazines aren’t serialized or dated) and is controversial
Violations are a Class 2 misdemeanor

Practical impact for first-time buyers:

Most handguns come with magazines that comply with the 15-round limit
Some firearms (like the Glock 17) have standard magazines that hold 17 rounds—these would technically violate the law if manufactured after 2013
Many Colorado gun shops sell firearms with 15-round magazines to ensure compliance
Enforcement is rare, but the law remains on the books

As a first-time buyer, simply purchase firearms that come with compliant magazines from a reputable Colorado dealer, and you’ll have no issues.

Red Flag Law (Extreme Risk Protection Orders)

Colorado’s “red flag” law, officially called the Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) law, allows family members, household members, or law enforcement to petition a court to temporarily remove firearms from someone deemed to pose a significant risk to themselves or others.

How it works:

A petition is filed with the court alleging that someone poses a danger
A judge can issue a temporary ERPO (14 days) based on the petition
A hearing is held where both sides present evidence
If granted, the ERPO can last up to 364 days and can be renewed
The subject must surrender all firearms and is prohibited from purchasing new ones during the ERPO period

What this means for gun owners:

If you’re subject to an ERPO, you cannot legally possess firearms
You’ll fail a background check if you attempt to purchase a gun while under an ERPO
ERPOs are relatively rare but have been used in cases involving suicide threats, domestic violence concerns, and other dangerous situations

The law is controversial, with supporters arguing it prevents tragedies and critics concerned about due process. As a responsible gun owner, simply follow the law, store your firearms safely, and seek help if you’re experiencing a mental health crisis.

Storage Requirements

Unlike some states, Colorado does not have a state-mandated firearm storage law. There is no legal requirement for how you must store your guns in your home.

However, this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t take storage seriously:

Best practices for safe storage:

Use a gun safe or lockbox, especially if children or unauthorized persons have access to your home
Store firearms unloaded with ammunition stored separately
Use trigger locks or cable locks as an additional layer of security
Consider biometric quick-access safes for home defense firearms (secure but quickly accessible)

Legal liability: While there’s no storage law, you can be held criminally liable under Colorado’s “unlawful storage of a firearm” law (CRS 18-12-114) if:

You store a firearm knowing that a juvenile can gain access without permission
The juvenile obtains the firearm and uses it to injure someone or commits a crime

This is a Class 2 misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class 5 felony for subsequent offenses.

Bottom line: Even though Colorado doesn’t mandate specific storage, responsible gun ownership means securing your firearms to prevent unauthorized access, theft, and accidents.

2025 Update: New concealed carry training requirements took effect July 1, 2025—see the CCW section below for complete details on the mandatory 8-hour course, written exam, and live-fire qualification.

The Colorado Gun Buying Process: Step-by-Step

Now that you understand Colorado’s gun laws, let’s walk through exactly what happens when you buy your first firearm. Whether you’re buying from a local gun shop or having a firearm shipped from an online retailer, the process follows the same basic steps.

Step 1: Choose Your Firearm

This is the fun part—and the most important decision you’ll make. Don’t rush this step.

Research online first:

Read reviews and watch YouTube videos about firearms you’re considering
Check out our recommendations section below for beginner-friendly options
Understand the differences between brands, models, and calibers
Set a realistic budget (remember to include ammunition, holster, safe, and training)

Visit a local gun shop to handle your options:

There’s no substitute for holding a gun in your hands
Check the grip ergonomics—does it feel natural?
Can you easily reach all the controls (slide release, magazine release, safety)?
Ask about renting firearms at a range to test-fire before buying
Talk to knowledgeable staff (not pushy salespeople) about your needs

Don’t rush: This is a significant purchase and potentially a life-saving tool. Take your time, ask questions, and make sure you’re completely comfortable with your choice before committing.

Step 2: Bring Proper Identification

When you’re ready to purchase, you’ll need to bring valid identification that proves you’re a Colorado resident.

Acceptable forms of ID:

Colorado driver’s license (most common)
Colorado state-issued ID card
Must show your current Colorado address

Important notes:

Out-of-state IDs are not acceptable for purchasing firearms in Colorado
If you’ve recently moved to Colorado, you’ll need to get a Colorado ID before buying a gun
Military personnel stationed in Colorado can use military ID plus orders showing Colorado assignment
The address on your ID must match your current residence

What if I just moved and my address changed?

If your address has changed but your ID hasn’t been updated yet, most dealers will accept a Colorado ID plus a secondary document showing your current address (utility bill, lease agreement, vehicle registration). However, requirements vary by dealer, so call ahead to confirm what they’ll accept.

Step 3: Complete ATF Form 4473

Once you’ve selected your firearm and provided identification, you’ll need to complete ATF Form 4473 (Firearms Transaction Record). This is a federal form required for all firearm purchases from licensed dealers.

What’s on Form 4473:

The form asks detailed questions about your identity, residence, and eligibility to purchase firearms. You’ll need to answer questions about:

Your personal information (name, address, date of birth, etc.)
Your citizenship status
Whether you’re the actual buyer (not purchasing for someone else)
Criminal history (felonies, domestic violence, restraining orders)
Mental health history (involuntary commitments, adjudications)
Drug use (including marijuana—remember, it’s still federally illegal)
Dishonorable military discharge
Whether you’ve renounced U.S. citizenship

Sample questions from Form 4473:

“Are you under indictment or information in any court for a felony?”
“Have you ever been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence?”
“Are you an unlawful user of, or addicted to, marijuana or any depressant, stimulant, narcotic drug, or any other controlled substance?”
“Have you ever been adjudicated as a mental defective OR have you ever been committed to a mental institution?”

Critical warning: You must answer these questions truthfully and accurately. Lying on Form 4473 is a federal felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. Even if you think a “yes” answer will disqualify you, lying is far worse than being denied.

The dealer will review your completed form for accuracy and completeness before proceeding to the background check.

Step 4: Background Check (CBI InstaCheck)

After you complete Form 4473, the dealer will submit your information to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI) InstaCheck system for a background check.

How the CBI background check works:

The dealer calls or electronically submits your information to CBI
CBI checks Colorado state criminal records, mental health records, and protection orders
CBI also queries the FBI’s National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
The system searches for any disqualifying factors (felonies, domestic violence, restraining orders, etc.)

Background check fee: You’ll pay a $15 fee directly to the dealer, who remits it to CBI. This is a state-mandated fee that cannot be waived.

Possible results:

Approved/Proceed: You’re cleared to purchase the firearm (but still must wait 3 days)
Denied: You’re prohibited from purchasing firearms
Delayed: Additional research is needed (usually resolves within 3 business days)

Timing: Most background checks are completed within minutes to a few hours. However, some take longer, especially if you have a common name or there’s a potential record match that needs investigation.

What If I’m Delayed?

Background check delays happen to approximately 10% of buyers, and they’re usually nothing to worry about.

Common reasons for delays:

You have a common name (John Smith, Jose Garcia, etc.)
There’s a partial match with someone who has a criminal record
Incomplete or unclear records that need manual review
High volume of background checks being processed

What happens next:

CBI has up to 3 business days to complete the investigation
The dealer will contact you once the delay is resolved
Most delays are resolved within 24-48 hours
You still must complete the 3-day waiting period from when the check was initiated

Don’t panic: A delay does NOT mean you’re denied. It simply means additional research is needed to ensure you’re not confused with someone else who has a disqualifying record.

What If I’m Denied?

If your background check comes back denied, you have the right to know why and to appeal the decision.

Steps to take if denied:

Ask the dealer for the CBI denial reference number
Contact CBI’s InstaCheck unit at (303) 239-4201
Request the reason for your denial in writing
If the denial is based on incorrect information, gather documentation to prove the error
Submit an appeal with supporting documents

Common reasons for denial:

Felony conviction (even from years ago)
Misdemeanor domestic violence conviction
Active restraining order or protection order
Outstanding warrant
Mental health adjudication
Mistaken identity (wrong person’s record)

If the denial is due to mistaken identity or incorrect records, you can usually clear it up with proper documentation. If it’s based on a legitimate disqualifying factor, you may need to consult with an attorney about expungement or restoration of rights.

Step 5: Wait 3 Days (Mandatory)

Once your background check is submitted, the 3-day waiting period begins. This is Colorado law, and there are no shortcuts for regular civilian purchases.

How the waiting period works:

The clock starts when the dealer submits your background check to CBI
You must wait a full 72 hours (3 days) from that moment
Even if your background check is approved immediately, you cannot take possession early
The dealer will calculate the exact date and time you can pick up your firearm

Example timeline:

Monday at 2:00 PM: Background check submitted → waiting period begins
Thursday at 2:00 PM: Earliest you can pick up your firearm (72 hours later)

What if my background check is delayed beyond 3 days?

If your background check takes longer than 3 days to be approved, you must wait for both the 3-day period AND the approval. Whichever comes later is when you can pick up your firearm.

Can I cancel during the waiting period?

Yes, you can change your mind at any time. However, the background check fee is typically non-refundable, and the dealer’s policies on deposits or cancellations vary.

Step 6: Pick Up Your Firearm

After the 3-day waiting period has passed and your background check is approved, you can return to the dealer to pick up your firearm.

What to bring:

The same ID you used when you initiated the purchase
Payment (if you haven’t already paid in full)
Any required paperwork or receipt from the dealer

What happens at pickup:

The dealer will verify your identity
They’ll demonstrate safe handling of your firearm
They’ll show you how to load/unload, engage the safety (if applicable), and perform basic functions
You’ll receive your firearm, any included accessories (magazines, case, lock), and documentation
Many dealers provide a free trigger lock or cable lock

Before you leave the store:

Make sure you understand how to safely operate your firearm
Ask any remaining questions—good dealers want you to be confident and safe
Verify you have all included items (magazines, cleaning kit, manuals, etc.)
Ensure your firearm is unloaded before transporting it

Transporting your firearm home:

Colorado law allows you to transport an unloaded firearm in your vehicle
Keep it in a case or the box it came in
Store ammunition separately during transport
Go directly home—don’t make unnecessary stops with a firearm in your vehicle

Once you’re home:

Read the owner’s manual thoroughly
Practice safe handling (always treat it as loaded, never point at anything you don’t intend to destroy)
Store it securely, especially if others have access to your home
Schedule range time or training to familiarize yourself with your new firearm

Buying Online vs In-Store in Colorado

First-time gun buyers often wonder whether they should buy from a local gun shop or purchase online. Both options are legal in Colorado, but they have different advantages, processes, and considerations.

Buying from a Local Gun Shop

Purchasing from a brick-and-mortar gun store is the most straightforward option for first-time buyers.

Pros:

Handle before buying: You can physically hold, feel, and examine the firearm before committing
Immediate expert advice: Knowledgeable staff can answer questions, make recommendations, and help you find the right fit
Support local business: Keep money in your community and build a relationship with a local shop
No shipping delays: Once the 3-day waiting period is over, your gun is ready
Try before you buy: Many shops have rental programs or ranges where you can test-fire firearms
Simpler process: Everything happens in one location with one dealer

Cons:

Potentially higher prices: Overhead costs mean local shops sometimes charge more than online retailers
Limited selection: Physical stores can only stock so many models and brands
Pressure to buy: Some shops have pushy salespeople (though reputable dealers don’t)

Best for: First-time buyers who want hands-on guidance, those who value the ability to handle firearms before purchasing, and anyone who wants to support local businesses.

Buying Online (Shipped to FFL)

Buying firearms online has become increasingly popular, offering access to a much wider selection and often better prices.

How online purchases work in Colorado:

Find your firearm: Browse online retailers like Brownells, Palmetto State Armory, Guns.com, or GunBroker
Select a local FFL dealer: You must have the firearm shipped to a licensed dealer in Colorado (you cannot have it shipped to your home)
Provide FFL information: Give the online retailer your chosen FFL dealer’s information (most dealers have this on file)
Complete the purchase: Pay for the firearm plus shipping
FFL receives the firearm: The online retailer ships to your local FFL dealer
Complete the transfer: Visit the FFL dealer, complete Form 4473, undergo background check, and wait 3 days
Pay transfer fee: Most FFLs charge $25-$75 for processing the transfer
Pick up your firearm: After the 3-day waiting period, return to pick up your gun

Pros:

Wider selection: Access to thousands of models and brands not available locally
Often better prices: Online retailers have lower overhead and competitive pricing
Shop from home: Browse at your convenience without pressure
Price comparison: Easy to compare prices across multiple retailers
Access to rare or specialty firearms: Find exactly what you want, not just what’s in stock locally

Cons:

Can’t handle before buying: You’re buying based on specs and reviews, not hands-on experience
Shipping time: Usually 3-7 days for the firearm to arrive at your FFL, plus the 3-day waiting period
Transfer fees: You’ll pay $25-$75 to the FFL dealer for processing the transfer
Two-step process: You deal with the online retailer AND a local FFL
Potential for disappointment: The gun might not feel right when you finally handle it

Total cost calculation:

When comparing online vs local prices, factor in:

Online price + shipping + FFL transfer fee = Total cost
Compare this to the local shop’s price
Sometimes the “deal” online isn’t actually cheaper once you add fees

Best for: Buyers who know exactly what they want, those seeking specific models not available locally, and experienced shooters comfortable buying without handling first.

FFL Transfers at Damage Factory

If you’re buying online and need an FFL dealer in Colorado to receive your firearm, Damage Factory offers competitive transfer services.

Damage Factory offers FFL transfers for just $55—one of the lowest rates in Colorado. We make the process simple and fast. Contact us to schedule your transfer

Our FFL transfer process:

Purchase your firearm online from any retailer
Email us at [email protected] with your order details
We’ll provide our FFL information to send to the retailer
When your firearm arrives, we’ll contact you to schedule your appointment
Come in, complete Form 4473 and background check
Wait the required 3 days
Return to pick up your firearm

We handle all the paperwork and make the process as smooth as possible for first-time buyers.

Best First Guns for Different Purposes (2025 Recommendations)

Based on decades of collective experience and feedback from thousands of first-time gun buyers, here are the most reliable, beginner-friendly firearms for different purposes. These recommendations prioritize reliability, ease of use, availability, and value.

Best First Handgun for Home Defense

For home defense, you want a firearm that’s reliable, easy to operate under stress, has sufficient capacity, and offers effective stopping power. Full-size or compact 9mm handguns are the gold standard for most buyers.

Glock 19 (9mm)

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The Glock 19 is the most popular handgun in America for good reason. It’s incredibly reliable (will function in almost any conditions), simple to operate (no external safety to fumble with), and has a huge aftermarket for accessories and upgrades.

Price: $550-$650
Capacity: 15+1 rounds (15-round magazine + 1 in chamber)
Weight: 23.65 oz (loaded)
Barrel length: 4.02 inches

Pros:

Legendary reliability—will fire every time
Simple operation with consistent trigger pull
Holds value extremely well (easy to resell)
Massive aftermarket support (holsters, sights, triggers, etc.)
Used by law enforcement and military worldwide

Cons:

Polymer frame has a “plastic” feel some shooters dislike
Grip angle takes some getting used to
Trigger isn’t the smoothest out of the box

Best for: Anyone who wants a proven, reliable, do-everything handgun that will last a lifetime.

Smith & Wesson M&P 9 M2.0

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The M&P 9 M2.0 offers excellent ergonomics with an aggressive grip texture that ensures solid control. Many shooters find the grip more comfortable than the Glock 19, and the trigger is noticeably better.

Price: $500-$600
Capacity: 17+1 rounds
Weight: 24.7 oz (loaded)
Barrel length: 4.25 inches

Pros:

Superior grip texture and ergonomics
Excellent trigger (better than Glock out of the box)
Slightly higher capacity than Glock 19
Aggressive pricing makes it great value

Cons:

Slightly heavier than Glock 19
Not quite as widespread aftermarket support (though still excellent)

Best for: Shooters who prioritize ergonomics and trigger feel, or those who found the Glock grip uncomfortable.

Sig Sauer P365 (and variants)

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The P365 is the new champion, having recently become the best-selling handgun in America.

Price: $550-$700

Capacity: 17+1 rounds (full-size)

Weight: 29.4 oz (loaded, full-size)
Barrel length: 4.7 inches (full-size)

Pros:

Modular design allows customization
Excellent accuracy and smooth trigger
Military and law enforcement proven
Can swap between full-size, compact, and subcompact configurations

Cons:

Higher price point than competitors
Slightly heavier than Glock or M&P

Best for: Shooters who want maximum flexibility and don’t mind paying a bit more for a premium firearm.

Comparison Table: Top Home Defense Handguns

Model	Price	Capacity	Weight	Barrel	Key Advantage
Glock 19	$550-$650	15+1	23.65 oz	4.02″	Legendary reliability
S&W M&P 9 M2.0	$500-$600	17+1	24.7 oz	4.25″	Best ergonomics
Sig P365	$550-$700	17+1	29.4 oz	Various	Reliable, easy to conceal and shoot

Copy table

Best First Shotgun for Home Defense

Shotguns offer devastating close-range stopping power and are incredibly effective for home defense. However, they have significant recoil and require proper technique.

Mossberg 500/590 (12-gauge)

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The Mossberg 500 series has been the gold standard for home defense shotguns for decades. It’s reliable, affordable, and has an intimidation factor that can’t be matched.

Price: $400-$600

Capacity**: 5-8 rounds (depending on model and barrel length)

Gauge: 12-gauge
Action: Pump-action

Pros:

Proven reliability over 60+ years
Devastating stopping power at close range
Intimidation factor (the sound of racking a shotgun is unmistakable)
Affordable and widely available
Easy to maintain

Cons:

Significant recoil (can be challenging for smaller shooters)
Limited capacity compared to handguns
Over-penetration concerns (buckshot can go through walls)
Harder to maneuver in tight spaces

Best for: Shooters who want maximum stopping power and aren’t concerned about recoil or maneuverability.

Remington 870 (12-gauge)

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The Remington 870 is the best-selling shotgun in American history, with over 11 million produced. It’s the civilian version of shotguns used by law enforcement and military worldwide.

Price: $400-$500
Capacity: 4-7 rounds
Gauge: 12-gauge
Action: Pump-action

Pros:

Most popular shotgun in America
Extremely durable and reliable
Smooth pump action
Huge aftermarket support

Cons:

Similar recoil and maneuverability issues as Mossberg
Recent quality control concerns (pre-2007 models are preferred)

Pro Tip: For smaller-framed shooters or those sensitive to recoil, consider a 20-gauge shotgun instead of 12-gauge. While it has less stopping power, it’s still highly effective for home defense and much easier to control.

Best First Concealed Carry Gun

Concealed carry firearms prioritize size, weight, and concealability while maintaining reliability and sufficient capacity.

Glock 43X (9mm)

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The Glock 43X offers a slim profile that’s easy to conceal while maintaining Glock’s legendary reliability. The 10+1 capacity is adequate for self-defense, and aftermarket 15-round magazines are available.

Price: $500-$600
Capacity: 10+1 rounds (15-round Shield Arms magazines available)
Weight: 18.7 oz (loaded)
Barrel length: 3.41 inches

Pros:

Slim single-stack design conceals easily
Glock reliability in a compact package
Comfortable to shoot despite small size
Shield Arms 15-round magazines increase capacity

Cons:

Lower capacity than double-stack competitors
Smaller grip may be uncomfortable for larger hands

Best for: Shooters who want Glock reliability in a slim, easily concealable package.

Sig Sauer P365

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The P365 revolutionized the micro-compact market by offering 10+1 (or 12+1) capacity in an incredibly small package. It’s comfortable to shoot and highly reliable.

Price: $550-$650
Capacity: 10+1 or 12+1 rounds
Weight: 17.8 oz (loaded with 10-round mag)
Barrel length: 3.1 inches

Pros:

Revolutionary capacity for its size
Excellent trigger and sights
Very comfortable to shoot for a micro-compact
Huge aftermarket support

Cons:

Early models had reliability issues (resolved in current production)
Small size may be difficult for shooters with large hands

Best for: Shooters who want maximum capacity in the smallest possible package.

Smith & Wesson Shield Plus

Why it’s perfect for beginners: The Shield Plus offers 13+1 capacity in a compact frame at an affordable price point. It’s slim, reliable, and comfortable to shoot.

Price: $450-$550
Capacity: 13+1 rounds
Weight: 20.2 oz (loaded)
Barrel length: 3.1 inches

Pros:

Excellent capacity (13+1) for its size
Most affordable option in this category
Flat trigger with crisp break
Slim profile for easy concealment

Cons:

Smaller aftermarket than Glock or Sig
Grip texture could be more aggressive

Best for: Budget-conscious buyers who don’t want to sacrifice capacity or quality.

Best Budget First Gun (Under $400)

Quality firearms don’t have to break the bank. These options offer excellent reliability and performance at entry-level prices.

Taurus G3C (9mm)

Price: $280-$350
Capacity: 12+1 rounds
Why it’s great: Taurus has significantly improved quality control in recent years. The G3C offers excellent value with good ergonomics, decent trigger, and a lifetime warranty.

Pros:

Extremely affordable
12+1 capacity
Lifetime warranty
Surprisingly good trigger

Cons:

Taurus’s reputation for past quality issues
Limited aftermarket support
Not as refined as premium brands

Ruger Security-9

Price: $350-$400
Capacity: 15+1 rounds
Why it’s great: Ruger’s reputation for quality at affordable prices shines with the Security-9. It offers excellent ergonomics and capacity at a budget-friendly price.

Pros:

Ruger quality and reliability
15+1 capacity
Good ergonomics
Excellent value

Cons:

Trigger isn’t as refined as premium options
Slightly bulkier than competitors

Budget Tip: Don’t forget to budget for essential accessories and training! Plan for: holster ($40-$80), ammunition for practice ($20-$40/box), gun safe or lockbox ($100-$500), and professional training ($100-$200). Your total investment will be significantly more than just the firearm price.

What About Revolvers?

Revolvers are often recommended to first-time buyers as “simple and reliable,” but they have significant limitations compared to modern semi-automatic pistols.

Pros of revolvers:

Extremely simple operation (point and pull trigger)
Very reliable (no magazine or feeding issues)
No malfunctions or “limp-wristing” problems
Can handle more powerful cartridges

Cons of revolvers:

Limited capacity (typically 5-6 rounds)
Slow and difficult to reload
Heavy trigger pull (especially double-action)
Bulkier than similar-capacity semi-autos

Best for: Older shooters who may have hand strength issues, those who want absolute simplicity, or as a backup gun. For most first-time buyers, a semi-automatic 9mm is a better choice.

If you want a revolver: Consider the Ruger LCR or Smith & Wesson J-Frame in .38 Special. Both are reliable, well-made, and perfect for simple home defense or occasional carry.

9mm vs .40 S&W vs .45 ACP: Which Caliber for Your First Gun? {#caliber}

One of the most debated topics in the gun world is caliber selection. Here’s what you need to know as a first-time buyer.

9mm (Recommended for Most Beginners)

Pros:

Low recoil: Easy to control and shoot accurately
Affordable ammunition: $15-$25 per box of 50 rounds
High capacity: Most 9mm handguns hold 15+ rounds
Effective stopping power: Modern 9mm defensive ammunition is highly effective
Widely available: Every gun shop carries 9mm

Cons:

Less “stopping power” than larger calibers (though this is debatable with modern ammunition)

Ammunition cost: $15-$25 per box of 50 rounds

Verdict: For 95% of first-time buyers, 9mm is the right choice. It offers the best balance of effectiveness, capacity, controllability, and cost.

.40 S&W

Pros:

More energy than 9mm
Once popular with law enforcement

Cons:

Snappy recoil: Harder to control than 9mm
More expensive: $25-$35 per box
Lower capacity: Typically 2-3 fewer rounds than comparable 9mm
Declining popularity: Many agencies switching back to 9mm

Verdict: Not recommended for first-time buyers. The .40 S&W offers marginal benefits over 9mm with significant downsides in recoil and cost.

.45 ACP

Pros:

Excellent stopping power with heavy bullets
Lower pressure means softer recoil impulse (though still heavy)
“Manstopper” reputation

Cons:

Heavy recoil: Difficult for new shooters to control
Expensive ammunition: $30-$45 per box of 50 rounds
Lower capacity: Typically 7-10 rounds vs 15+ for 9mm
Larger, heavier guns: .45 ACP pistols are bulkier

Ammunition cost: $30-$45 per box of 50 rounds

Verdict: Great for experienced shooters who can handle the recoil, but challenging for beginners. The cost and capacity disadvantages make it a poor choice for most first-time buyers.

Expert Recommendation: For 95% of first-time buyers, 9mm is the right choice. Modern 9mm defensive ammunition (like Federal HST, Speer Gold Dot, or Hornady Critical Defense) is just as effective as .40 or .45, with less recoil, higher capacity, and lower cost. Save the bigger calibers for after you’ve mastered the fundamentals with 9mm.

Getting Your Colorado Concealed Carry Permit (2025 New Requirements) {#ccw}

If you plan to carry your firearm outside your home for personal protection, you’ll need a Colorado Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP). Colorado’s concealed carry laws changed significantly on July 1, 2025, with new mandatory training requirements.

What Changed July 1, 2025? (HB 24-1174)

Colorado previously had minimal training requirements for concealed carry permits, allowing sheriffs to set their own standards. House Bill 24-1174 established uniform, mandatory training requirements across the state.

New Training Requirements (Effective July 1, 2025)

Minimum 8 hours of instruction (increased from previously unspecified requirements)
Mandatory live-fire training (NEW—previously not required in all counties)
Written examination: Must score 80% or higher (NEW)
Live-fire qualification test: Must score 70% or higher (35 out of 50 shots on target) (NEW)

2025 Update: Before July 1, 2025, Colorado had no standardized training requirements. Sheriffs in different counties had vastly different standards—some required extensive training, others required almost none. The new law ensures all CCW holders have demonstrated hands-on shooting competency and knowledge of laws and safety.

What the 8-hour course must include:

Colorado gun laws and legal use of force
Safe handling and storage
Techniques for avoiding criminal attacks
Proper handgun shooting fundamentals
Live-fire range time with qualification test

Colorado CCW Permit Requirements

Eligibility

To apply for a Colorado concealed carry permit, you must:

Be 21 years or older
Be a Colorado resident (with valid Colorado ID showing current address)
Have no felony convictions
Have no misdemeanor domestic violence convictions
Not be subject to a restraining order or protection order
Not be chronically intoxicated or an unlawful drug user
Not have been committed to a mental institution or adjudicated mentally defective
Demonstrate competency with a handgun (complete the required training)

Application Process

Step 1: Complete Required Training

Enroll in a state-approved 8-hour concealed carry course
Complete classroom instruction on laws, safety, and tactics
Pass the written exam with 80% or higher
Complete live-fire training and pass qualification (70% or higher—35 of 50 shots)
Receive certificate of completion from instructor

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

Valid Colorado driver’s license or state ID
Training certificate (must be dated within 3 years of application)
Passport-style photo (some sheriffs take photos on-site)

Step 3: Apply at Your County Sheriff’s Office

Visit your county sheriff’s office in person (applications must be submitted where you reside)
Complete the application form
Provide fingerprints (done on-site)
Pay application fee ($100-$150, varies by county—includes fingerprinting and processing)

Step 4: Background Check

Sheriff submits fingerprints to CBI and FBI
Thorough background check conducted (more extensive than purchase background check)
Checks criminal history, mental health records, restraining orders, etc.

Step 5: Wait for Approval

Sheriff has 90 days to approve or deny (most process much faster—typically 30-45 days)
You’ll be notified by mail
If approved, your permit will be mailed to you

Step 6: Receive Your Permit

Permit is valid for 5 years
Must carry permit and valid ID whenever carrying concealed
Renewal requires updated training certificate

Training Costs and Where to Get Certified

Training course cost: $100-$200 for the 8-hour course (includes range time and ammunition)

Where to find approved training:

Local gun ranges and shooting schools
Check your county sheriff’s website for list of approved instructors
Damage Factory offers CCW training courses—contact us for schedule and pricing

Reciprocity: Where Can You Carry with a Colorado Permit?

Colorado has reciprocity agreements with many states, meaning your Colorado CCW permit is recognized in those states. However, reciprocity laws change frequently.

States that recognize Colorado CCW permits (as of 2025):

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Always check current reciprocity before traveling with your firearm. Laws change, and you’re responsible for knowing the laws in any state you visit.

Helpful resource: www.handgunlaw.us provides up-to-date reciprocity maps and state-by-state carry laws.

Where You CANNOT Carry in Colorado (Even with a Permit)

Colorado law prohibits concealed carry in certain locations, even with a valid permit:

K-12 schools and school property (with limited exceptions)
Federal buildings (post offices, courthouses, federal offices)
TSA secure areas of airports
Private property where prohibited (if proper signage is posted)
Certain local government buildings (if signs are posted and security is provided)

Note: Colorado does NOT prohibit concealed carry in bars, restaurants that serve alcohol, places of worship, or state parks (unlike some states).

Essential Accessories and Training {#accessories}

Buying the firearm is just the beginning. Here are the essential accessories and training you’ll need as a new gun owner.

Must-Have Accessories

Gun Safe or Lockbox ($100-$2,000)

Biometric quick-access safe for home defense: $150-$300
Full-size gun safe for multiple firearms: $500-$2,000
Cable lock or trigger lock (often included with purchase): Free-$20

Holster ($40-$150)

IWB (inside waistband) for concealed carry: $50-$100
OWB (outside waistband) for range/home: $40-$80
Quality matters—don’t cheap out on holsters

Ammunition ($20-$40 per box)

Practice ammunition (FMJ—Full Metal Jacket): $15-$25/box of 50
Defensive ammunition (JHP—Jacketed Hollow Point): $25-$40/box of 20
Buy at least 500 rounds for practice

Cleaning Kit ($20-$50)

Basic cleaning kit with bore brush, patches, solvent, and oil
Clean your firearm after every range session

Hearing and Eye Protection ($20-$100)

Electronic ear muffs: $50-$100 (allow you to hear conversations while protecting from gunshots)
Foam earplugs: $10-$20
Shooting glasses: $15-$40

**Magazine Pouch/Spare

Magazines** ($30-$100)

At least one spare magazine: $25-$40 each
Magazine pouch for range use: $15-$30
More magazines mean less reloading at the range

Professional Training (Essential!)

DO NOT skip training. Owning a gun without proper training is dangerous and irresponsible.

Basic Handgun Safety Course ($100-$200)

Covers safe handling, shooting fundamentals, and basic marksmanship
Usually 4-6 hours with range time
Essential for all first-time buyers

Concealed Carry Course ($100-$200)

Required for CCW permit (8 hours as of 2025)
Covers legal use of force, defensive tactics, and shooting skills
Even if you don’t plan to carry immediately, this is valuable training

Advanced Defensive Shooting ($200-$500)

Scenario-based training
Shooting from cover, multiple targets, stress inoculation
Take this after mastering fundamentals

Where to find training:

Local gun ranges and shooting schools
NRA-certified instructors
USCCA (United States Concealed Carry Association) courses
Damage Factory offers comprehensive training programs for all skill levels—contact us to schedule

Practice and Maintenance

How often should you practice?

Minimum: Once per month (50-100 rounds)
Recommended: Twice per month (100-200 rounds)
Skills degrade quickly without practice

Dry fire practice at home:

Practice trigger control, sight alignment, and draw (with UNLOADED firearm)
Verify firearm is unloaded, remove all ammunition from the room
10-15 minutes of dry fire equals significant improvement

Cleaning schedule:

After every range session (or every 200-300 rounds minimum)
Before long-term storage
Periodically check for rust or damage

Frequently Asked Questions {#faq}

How long does it take to buy a gun in Colorado?

The entire process takes a minimum of 3 days due to Colorado’s mandatory waiting period. Day 1: Select firearm, complete paperwork, and initiate background check. Day 4 (or later): Pick up your firearm after the 3-day waiting period expires and your background check is approved.

What are the requirements to buy a gun in Colorado?

You must be 21+ for handguns (18+ for rifles/shotguns), be a Colorado resident with valid Colorado ID, pass a background check through CBI InstaCheck, have no disqualifying criminal history or restraining orders, and wait the mandatory 3 days before taking possession.

How long is the waiting period for guns in Colorado?

Colorado has a mandatory 3-day (72-hour) waiting period for all firearm purchases. The waiting period begins when your background check is submitted and you must wait the full 3 days even if your background check is approved immediately.

What is the best first gun for home defense?

For most first-time buyers, a full-size 9mm handgun like the Glock 19, Smith & Wesson M&P 9 M2.0, or Sig Sauer P320 offers the best combination of reliability, capacity (15+ rounds), ease of use, and effectiveness. Shotguns like the Mossberg 500 are also excellent but have more recoil.

Can I buy a gun online and have it shipped to Colorado?

Yes, but it must be shipped to a licensed FFL dealer in Colorado. You cannot have firearms shipped directly to your home. You’ll complete the purchase online, have it shipped to a local FFL, then visit the FFL to complete Form 4473, undergo a background check, pay a transfer fee ($25-$75), and wait the mandatory 3 days before pickup.

Do I need a permit to buy a gun in Colorado?

No permit is required to purchase a firearm in Colorado. However, you must pass a background check for every purchase. If you want to carry a concealed handgun outside your home, you’ll need a Colorado Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP).

What disqualifies you from buying a gun in Colorado?

Felony convictions, misdemeanor domestic violence convictions, active restraining orders, mental health adjudications, dishonorable discharge from military, illegal drug use (including marijuana under federal law), and being subject to an Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) all disqualify you from purchasing firearms.

How much does a background check cost in Colorado?

The CBI InstaCheck background check costs $15 per transaction. This fee is paid to the dealer, who remits it to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation. Some dealers may charge additional processing fees.

Can I carry a gun in my car in Colorado without a permit?

Yes, you can transport an unloaded firearm in your vehicle without a permit. However, to carry a loaded, concealed handgun in your vehicle, you need a valid Colorado Concealed Handgun Permit. Open carry in a vehicle is legal without a permit for those 18+.

What changed with Colorado concealed carry laws in 2025?

Effective July 1, 2025, Colorado now requires mandatory 8-hour training courses, live-fire qualification (70% accuracy—35 of 50 shots), and a written exam (80% passing score) for all concealed carry permit applicants. Previously, training requirements varied by county with no standardized testing.

Ready to Buy Your First Gun?

Buying your first firearm is a significant decision and an important responsibility. Now that you understand Colorado’s gun laws, the buying process, and what to look for in your first gun, you’re ready to make an informed, confident purchase.

Remember the key points:

Define your purpose before choosing a firearm
Understand Colorado’s 3-day waiting period and background check requirements
For most first-time buyers, a 9mm handgun offers the best versatility
Budget for accessories, ammunition, and professional training—not just the gun
Practice regularly and store your firearm safely

Visit Damage Factory for expert guidance, competitive pricing, and the lowest FFL transfer fees in Colorado ($25). Our knowledgeable staff specializes in helping first-time buyers find the perfect firearm for their needs—without pressure or sales gimmicks. We’re here to answer your questions, let you handle different options, and ensure you leave confident in your purchase.

Whether you’re buying in-store or need an FFL transfer for an online purchase, we make the process simple, straightforward, and welcoming for new gun owners.

Contact Damage Factory:

[Address]

[Phone]

[Email]

[Website]

Hours:

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Your journey as a responsible gun owner starts here. We look forward to helping you find your first firearm and supporting you every step of the way.

Sources: Colorado Revised Statutes, Colorado Bureau of Investigation, ATF regulations, House Bill 23-1219, House Bill 24-1174, manufacturer specifications, and industry expertise.

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